
Timing matters when you prune. Cut at the right time and the tree heals fast, grows strong, and resists disease. Cut at the wrong time and you can stress the tree, invite pests, or lose the next season of blooms.
Shade trees like maple, oak, and ash: late winter or early spring, before buds break. The tree is dormant, sap flow is low, and the structure is easy to see without leaves. Avoid pruning in fall when fungi are active and wounds heal slowly.
Fruit trees: late winter while dormant. This is when you set the structure for the year and open the canopy to light. Summer thinning is okay for water sprouts and suckers, but major pruning should wait for winter.
Evergreens like pine and spruce: late winter through early spring. Remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches any time, but wait for dormant season for structural cuts. Avoid heavy pruning in late summer because new growth may not harden before frost.
Spring-flowering trees like crabapple and lilac: prune after they finish blooming. If you prune in winter, you cut off the flower buds and lose the spring display.
There is one exception to every rule: safety. If a branch is broken, dead, or threatening the house, remove it now regardless of the season. A hazard limb is always in season for trimming.
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